Many art enthusiasts mistakenly believe that oil painting originated in the European Renaissance, but archaeological research and art historical records prove that the embryonic form of oil painting appeared as early as the 7th century in ancient Afghanistan and Central Asian regions. Early ancient painters mixed natural mineral pigments with plant drying oils to decorate murals and religious handicrafts, forming the earliest oil-based painting techniques. However, due to the backwardness of pigment refining and oil purification technology at that time, early oil paintings had problems such as easy discoloration, slow drying, and unstable texture, so they were not widely popularized and were gradually replaced by mature tempera painting. It was not until the 15th century that Northern European artists represented by Jan van Eyck systematically improved the oil painting formula. They optimized the proportion of linseed oil and pigments, added auxiliary drying materials, and solved the technical defects of early oil paintings. Since then, oil painting officially stepped onto the stage of mainstream art. In the early development stage, oil paintings were mostly created on wooden panels, focusing on delicate detail depiction and realistic scene restoration, and were mainly used for religious murals, altar paintings and noble portrait decorations, laying a solid foundation for the prosperous development of later oil painting art.